Virginia House of Burgesses

Table Of Content

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• Discover the Landmark Houses of Los Angeles
• House of Burgesses AP US History (APUSH) Study Guide
• Virginia Company, Jamestown, & Tobacco
• Jamestown Colony of Virginia
• First legislative assembly in America convenes in Jamestown
• Increased Royal Regulation
• List of members of the Virginia House of Burgesses

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It was never officially adjourned and became the General Assembly consisting of the House of Delegates and the Senate of the Commonwealth of Virginia, declaring its independence from Britain. Members of the House of Burgesses would play pivotal roles in the War of Independence and the founding of the United States’ government afterwards. Some scholars (Price among them) question whether these first Africans were treated as slaves and argue they were considered more along the lines of indentured servants. Evidence does suggest the presence of free blacks in colonial Jamestown and certainly, by 1676 CE, there were black landowners and at least one on record as owning black slaves himself. Even if the Africans were not treated as slaves, however, they arrived in that condition aboard a Dutch ship, which had captured them as cargo from a Spanish trader.

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The June 1676 session of the House of Burgesses played a critical part in Bacon’s Rebellion (1676–1677), an uprising against Berkeley’s response to Indian attacks on the northern and western frontiers. Berkeley had removed Nathaniel Bacon, the rebellion’s leader, from the governor’s Council in May, but after Bacon was elected to the House of Burgesses from Henrico County, the governor reinstated him as councillor. That June, under threat of violence from Bacon, the assembly voted to create a 1,000-man army with Bacon as commanding general. Charles II later ordered all of the session’s laws repealed because he believed (incorrectly) that Bacon had forced them on the assembly.

House of Burgesses AP US History (APUSH) Study Guide

While the idea of representation has continued to be redefined over the course of America’s experiment in democracy, it is important to understand the origins of democratic assembly in the United States, and its birth in the Virginia House of Burgesses. In 1769, George Washington protested against the British policy of ‘taxation without representation’, George Mason’s resolutions drafted against the Townshend Acts of 1767 objected to ship colonial political demonstrators to England for trial. On May 10, 1773, the Tea Act was passed which invited the fury of the colonists, and there were major protests. The House of Burgesses was dissolved on May 24, 1774, by the Royal Governor John Murray, Earl of Dunmore.

Following the passage of the Intolerable Acts, the Burgesses passed a resolution for a Day of Feasting and Prayer in support of the city of Boston. The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company, responsible for founding Virginia Colony in 1607, starting with the establishment of Jamestown. The Virginia Company appointed Sir George Yeardley as Governor in 1618. One of the founding members of the Virginia Company, Edwin Sandys, helped write a new charter for Virginia, known as the “The Great Charter,” which ordered Yeardley to establish a General Assembly, elected by the people of Virginia.

The Iroquois thereby instituted a unicameral legislative body in North America centuries before the English arrived. The Governor’s Council, whose members were appointed by the King or Queen, served as the upper house of the Virginia legislature. They considered legislation originating from the Burgesses, managed several aspects of colonial affairs, and advised the governor. This body was made up of the leading members of the colony’s wealthiest and most powerful families. Williamsburg’s Capitol was the center of British authority in Virginia for most of the eighteenth century.

It also provided a means for Virginia colonists to have a voice in their own governance. The House of Burgesses was a superior school for statesmen, not only for those serving Virginia, but also for those serving the new United States. Peyton Randolph, the House of Burgesses’s last speaker, was the first president of the Continental Congress, and many of the Virginia representatives to Congress had experience as burgesses. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, and other great revolutionary leaders of Virginia served first in the House of Burgesses, where they learned the skills that enabled them to lead in founding the new nation. When this residential house was built by Vienna-born Rudolf Schindler back in inspired by a recent trip to Yosemite with his wife - it was extremely unconventional at the time for a place to live.

With the governor now being a crown appointee, members of the House of Burgesses lost political power. Further, suspicion grew that as royal governors appointed burgesses to important posts, this would unfairly influence the activities of the House. The House attempted to pass legislation to enact a sort of checks and balances, whereby a Burgess appointed to an additional post by a royal governor was required to resign as burgess. Throughout the 18th century, the House continued to meet, and began to see itself as a Parliamentary equivalent in Virginia. In colonial America, Maryland and Virginia had governing bodies known as the House of Burgesses.

List of members of the Virginia House of Burgesses

This convention also made allowances for the establishment of the Virginia Declaration of Rights and a state constitution. The new Virginia state constitution, ratified in 1776, nullified Virginia’s previous colonial-era government, including the House of Burgesses. It create a bicameral state legislature, allowing for citizens to elect members to a Senate and a House of Delegates. The House of Burgess and joint assembly of the colonial governor and his council faced challenges throughout the years. When King James I revoked the charter of the Virginia Company in 1625, Virginia became a royal colony. The assembly waited for instructions from the king but they were slow to come.

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Veteran members of the House usually chaired the most important of the standing committees, providing leadership and experience for committee work and for legislative deliberations. It had been setting the tax rate since the seventeenth century, and it authorized the payment of all claims against Virginia in the eighteenth. The House’s members came by custom in the 1730s and 1740s to have the sole power of introducing new bills in the legislature. During the third quarter of the century, for reasons that are not entirely clear, fewer burgesses chose not to run for reelection or were defeated when they did.

Almost any part of the LA area will be home to at least one or two of the iconic houses. Since all the homes on this list are private residences I do ask and recommend that you try and be as respectful as possible when you go to visit. Along with the governor, the Council also acted as the colony’s highest civil and criminal court, known as the General Court.

But starting with the Virginia General Assembly, Americans had 157 years to practice democracy. By the time of the Declaration of Independence, they were quite good at it. Historians often ponder why the American Revolution was successful. The French, Russian, and Chinese Revolutions each ended with a rise to power of a leader more autocratic than the pre-revolutionary monarch. King James I, a believer in the divine right of monarchs, attempted to dissolve the assembly, but the Virginians would have none of it. This video from Heimler’s History provides an overview of government in Colonial America, including the Virginia House of Burgesses.

The first meeting of the Virginia General Assembly in 1619 established the House of Burgesses in Virginia. Meeting in the wooden church at Jamestown, the General Assembly followed orders derived from the Virginia Company’s “Great Charter” of 1618. The new charter was a necessary next step in the government and regulation of the Virginia colony. The English kings who ruled the 13 original colonies reserved the right to decide the fate of their colonies as well, but not alone.